Add CI check

Author: rok

.github/workflows/python.yml

@@ -138,6 +138,16 @@ jobs:
         continue-on-error: true
         run: archery docker push ${{ matrix.image }}
 
+      - name: Type check with mypy and pyright
+        run: |-
+            python -m pip install mypy pyright griffe libcst scipy-stubs pandas-stubs types-python-dateutil types-psutil types-requests griffe libcst types-cffi
+            pip install -i https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple pyarrow
+            cd python
+            mypy ./pyarrow-stubs ./pyarrow/tests/test_array.py ./pyarrow/tests/test_io.py
+            pyright ./pyarrow-stubs
+            cd ..
+            python ./dev/update_stub_docstrings.py -f ./python/pyarrow-stubs
+
   macos:
     name: ${{ matrix.architecture }} macOS ${{ matrix.macos-version }} Python 3
     runs-on: macos-${{ matrix.macos-version }}