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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: content/Hardware Support/UNO/Debug-runtime-errors-on-UNO-R4-WiFi-using-stack-trace.md
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@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Follow these steps:
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1. Ensure that a serial connection must be initiated before the error occurs, by calling [Serial.begin()](https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/functions/communication/serial/begin/) in your sketch. You can include this code inside the beginning of the `setup()` function:
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```
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```arduino
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Serial.begin(115200);
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while (!Serial);
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```
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## Use addr2line to generate a stack trace
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> [!NOTE]
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> `addr2line` is not available as a native Windows application, but can be run with <aclass="link-external"href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install">Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)</a>.
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The `addr2line` utility is included in the **Arduino UNO R4 Boards** boards package. However, running it in this way requires modifying the command included in the output. For convenience, you may want to install `addr2line` on your system or adding a shortcut:
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Add `addr2line` to the command line:
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***Windows:** Add a shortcut to the `addr2line` executable.
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The `addr2line` utility is included in the **Arduino UNO R4 Boards** boards package. However, running it in this way requires modifying the command included in the output. For convenience, you may want to install `addr2line` on your system.
***Windows (WSL):**`addr2line` is not available as a native Windows application, but can be run with <aclass="link-external"href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install">Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)</a>. The Ubuntu distribution of Linux is installed by default and should come with `addr2line`.
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***macOS:**`addr2line` can be installed with [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) by running `brew install binutils` in Terminal.
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***Linux:**`addr2line` may already be installed on your system. Otherwise, run `apt-get install binutils` in Terminal (Ubuntu, Debian), or see [command-not-found.com/addr2line](https://command-not-found.com/addr2line) for other distributions.
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### 1. Copy the addr2line command (and modify it if necessary)
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**If addr2line is installed on your system:**
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***Windows (WSL):**
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1. Copy the command from the serial output.
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2. Paste the command into a text editor.
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3. Replace `C:` with `/mnt/c` and replace all backslashes (`\`) with forward slashes (`/`).
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***Windows:** Copy the command from the serial output (no modification required).
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***macOS:** Copy the command from the serial output (no modification required).
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***Linux:** Copy the command from the serial output (no modification required).
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**Using the addr2line from the board package:**
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***Windows (WSL):**
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***Windows:**
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1. Copy the command from the serial output.
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2. Paste the command into a text editor.
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3. Replace the word `addr2line` with `/mnt/c/Users/User/Appdata/Local/Arduino15/packages/arduino/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/7-2017q4/bin/arm-none-eabi-addr2line`
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4. For the file path after the `-e` flag, replace `C:` with `/mnt/c` and replace all backslashes (`\`) with forward slashes (`/`).
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3. Replace the word `addr2line` with `%UserProfile%\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\arm-none-eabi-gcc\7-2017q4\bin\arm-none-eabi-addr2line.exe`
> The sketch needs to have been compiled on the same computer you are running `addr2line` on.
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***Windows (WSL):**
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1. Open [Windows Powershell](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/windows-powershell/starting-windows-powershell?view=powershell-7.3).
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2. Type `Ubuntu` into Windows Powershell and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>.
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3. Paste the modified command into Windows Powershell by right-clicking on the window.
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4. Press <kbd>Enter</kbd> to run the command.
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***Windows:**
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1. Open Command Prompt.
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2. Paste the command into Command Prompt by right-clicking on the window.
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3. Press <kbd>Enter</kbd> to run the command.
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***macOS:**
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1. Open Terminal.
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2. Press <kbd>⌘</kbd> + <kbd>V</kbd> to paste the command.
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