diff --git a/fixtures/async-exit-code.js b/fixtures/async-exit-code.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df82001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fixtures/async-exit-code.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import process from 'node:process';
+import exitHook, {asyncExitHook, gracefulExit} from '../index.js';
+
+exitHook(() => {
+	console.log('foo');
+});
+
+exitHook(() => {
+	console.log('bar');
+});
+
+const unsubscribe = exitHook(() => {
+	console.log('baz');
+});
+
+unsubscribe();
+
+asyncExitHook(
+	async () => {
+		await new Promise(resolve => {
+			setTimeout(() => {
+				resolve();
+			}, 100);
+		});
+
+		console.log('quux');
+	},
+	{
+		wait: 200,
+	},
+);
+
+process.exitCode = 1;
+
+if (process.env.EXIT_HOOK_SYNC === '1') {
+	process.exit(); // eslint-disable-line unicorn/no-process-exit
+}
+
+gracefulExit();
diff --git a/fixtures/empty-exit-code.js b/fixtures/empty-exit-code.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdfbede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fixtures/empty-exit-code.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import process from 'node:process';
+import exitHook from '../index.js';
+
+process.exitCode = 1;
+exitHook(() => {
+	// https://github.com/sindresorhus/exit-hook/issues/23
+});
diff --git a/fixtures/signal-exit-code.js b/fixtures/signal-exit-code.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f79042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fixtures/signal-exit-code.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import process from 'node:process';
+import exitHook, {asyncExitHook} from '../index.js';
+
+process.exitCode = 1;
+
+exitHook(signal => {
+	console.log(signal);
+});
+
+asyncExitHook(async signal => {
+	console.log(signal);
+}, {
+	wait: 200,
+});
+
+setInterval(() => {}, 1e9);
diff --git a/fixtures/sync-exit-code.js b/fixtures/sync-exit-code.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1357d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fixtures/sync-exit-code.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import process from 'node:process';
+import exitHook from '../index.js';
+
+exitHook(() => {
+	console.log('foo');
+});
+
+exitHook(() => {
+	console.log('bar');
+});
+
+const unsubscribe = exitHook(() => {
+	console.log('baz');
+});
+
+unsubscribe();
+
+process.exitCode = 1;
+
+process.exit(); // eslint-disable-line unicorn/no-process-exit
diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
index 9d24483..dcc471a 100644
--- a/index.js
+++ b/index.js
@@ -23,7 +23,15 @@ async function exit(shouldManuallyExit, isSynchronous, signal) {
 		].join(' '));
 	}
 
-	const exitCode = 128 + signal;
+	let exitCode = 0;
+
+	// A non-graceful signal should be preserved over process.exitCode
+	if (signal > 0) {
+		exitCode = 128 + signal;
+	// Respect process.exitCode for graceful exits
+	} else if (typeof process.exitCode === 'number' || typeof process.exitCode === 'string') {
+		exitCode = process.exitCode;
+	}
 
 	const done = (force = false) => {
 		if (force === true || shouldManuallyExit === true) {
diff --git a/test.js b/test.js
index 037030b..dca31e5 100644
--- a/test.js
+++ b/test.js
@@ -10,12 +10,34 @@ test('main', async t => {
 	t.is(exitCode, 0);
 });
 
+test('main with exitCode', async t => {
+	try {
+		await execa(process.execPath, ['./fixtures/sync-exit-code.js']);
+		t.fail();
+	} catch ({stdout, stderr, exitCode}) {
+		t.is(stdout, 'foo\nbar');
+		t.is(stderr, '');
+		t.is(exitCode, 1);
+	}
+});
+
 test('main-empty', async t => {
 	const {stderr, exitCode} = await execa(process.execPath, ['./fixtures/empty.js']);
 	t.is(stderr, '');
 	t.is(exitCode, 0);
 });
 
+test('main-empty with exitCode', async t => {
+	try {
+		await execa(process.execPath, ['./fixtures/empty-exit-code.js']);
+		t.fail();
+	} catch ({stdout, stderr, exitCode}) {
+		t.is(stdout, '');
+		t.is(stderr, '');
+		t.is(exitCode, 1);
+	}
+});
+
 test('main-async', async t => {
 	const {stdout, stderr, exitCode} = await execa(process.execPath, ['./fixtures/async.js']);
 	t.is(stdout, 'foo\nbar\nquux');
@@ -23,6 +45,17 @@ test('main-async', async t => {
 	t.is(exitCode, 0);
 });
 
+test('main-async with exitCode', async t => {
+	try {
+		await execa(process.execPath, ['./fixtures/async-exit-code.js']);
+		t.fail();
+	} catch ({stdout, stderr, exitCode}) {
+		t.is(stdout, 'foo\nbar\nquux');
+		t.is(stderr, '');
+		t.is(exitCode, 1);
+	}
+});
+
 test('main-async-notice', async t => {
 	const {stdout, stderr, exitCode} = await execa(process.execPath, ['./fixtures/async.js'], {
 		env: {
@@ -34,25 +67,42 @@ test('main-async-notice', async t => {
 	t.is(exitCode, 0);
 });
 
+test('main-async-notice with exitCode', async t => {
+	try {
+		await execa(process.execPath, ['./fixtures/async-exit-code.js'], {
+			env: {
+				EXIT_HOOK_SYNC: '1',
+			},
+		});
+		t.fail();
+	} catch ({stdout, stderr, exitCode}) {
+		t.is(stdout, 'foo\nbar');
+		t.regex(stderr, /SYNCHRONOUS TERMINATION NOTICE/);
+		t.is(exitCode, 1);
+	}
+});
+
 test('listener count', t => {
-	t.is(process.listenerCount('exit'), 0);
+	// This function is used as on node20+ flushSync is added internally to the exit handler of nodejs
+	const exitListenerCount = () => process.listeners('exit').filter(fn => fn.name !== 'flushSync').length;
+	t.is(exitListenerCount(), 0);
 
 	const unsubscribe1 = exitHook(() => {});
 	const unsubscribe2 = exitHook(() => {});
-	t.is(process.listenerCount('exit'), 1);
+	t.is(exitListenerCount(), 1);
 
 	// Remove all listeners
 	unsubscribe1();
 	unsubscribe2();
-	t.is(process.listenerCount('exit'), 1);
+	t.is(exitListenerCount(), 1);
 
 	// Re-add listener
 	const unsubscribe3 = exitHook(() => {});
-	t.is(process.listenerCount('exit'), 1);
+	t.is(exitListenerCount(), 1);
 
 	// Remove again
 	unsubscribe3();
-	t.is(process.listenerCount('exit'), 1);
+	t.is(exitListenerCount(), 1);
 
 	// Add async style listener
 	const unsubscribe4 = asyncExitHook(
@@ -61,11 +111,11 @@ test('listener count', t => {
 			wait: 100,
 		},
 	);
-	t.is(process.listenerCount('exit'), 1);
+	t.is(exitListenerCount(), 1);
 
 	// Remove again
 	unsubscribe4();
-	t.is(process.listenerCount('exit'), 1);
+	t.is(exitListenerCount(), 1);
 });
 
 test('type enforcing', t => {
@@ -115,4 +165,20 @@ for (const [signal, exitCode] of signalTests) {
 			t.is(error.stdout, `${exitCode}\n${exitCode}`);
 		}
 	});
+
+	test(`${signal} causes process.exitCode to be ignored`, async t => {
+		const subprocess = execa(process.execPath, ['./fixtures/signal-exit-code.js']);
+
+		setTimeout(() => {
+			subprocess.kill(signal);
+		}, 1000);
+
+		try {
+			await subprocess;
+		} catch (error) {
+			t.is(error.exitCode, exitCode);
+			t.is(error.stderr, '');
+			t.is(error.stdout, `${exitCode}\n${exitCode}`);
+		}
+	});
 }