Add variables for feature control, connection customization, and Patroni integration

[davidassigbi]

Description

This update introduces several enhancements to improve flexibility and integration:

• Added variables to control all major features of the role (installation, configuration, initialization, auto-tuning, etc...). This provides more granular control compared to relying solely on tags.
• Introduced support variables for seamless integration with an upcoming Patroni role.
• Added postgresql_conn_vars, which enables users to customize connection parameters when managing database objects on the local PostgreSQL instance. This is particularly useful for setups that do not support the default socket-based connection with the default postgres user.

closes #10
closes #25

Motivation and Context

These changes enhance the role's configurability, making it easier to integrate with other tools and environments. It also resolves issues related to rigid defaults for PostgreSQL connections and prepares the role for compatibility with the upcoming Patroni integration.

How Has This Been Tested?

Tests performed with Molecule both locally and using Github Actions

Types of Changes

• feat: Added _postgresql_apt_repo_template_path to allow full customization of the PostgreSQL APT repository.
• feat: Introduced variables to control each main feature individually instead of solely relying on tags which might be less flexible.
• feat: Added variables to support integration with a future Patroni role.
• feat: Implemented postgresql_conn_vars to enable fully customizable local PostgreSQL connection settings.
• docs: Added support for PostgreSQL 17
• chore: Updated molecule step runner version from to Ubuntu 22.04 as Ubunutu 20.04 seems to be no longer available in CI

Checklist:

• My code follows the code style of this project.
• My change requires a change to the documentation.
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.