Translate/itertools

library/itertools.po

@@ -1188,6 +1188,8 @@ msgid ""
 "If the input is an iterator, then fully consuming the *islice* advances the "
 "input iterator by ``max(start, stop)`` steps regardless of the *step* value."
 msgstr ""
+"若輸入為疊代器，則完整耗盡 *islice* 會使輸入的疊代器向前移動 ``max(start, "
+"stop)`` 步，與 *step* 的值無關。"
 
 #: ../../library/itertools.rst:513
 msgid "Return successive overlapping pairs taken from the input *iterable*."
@@ -1332,6 +1334,8 @@ msgid ""
 "`Cartesian product <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_product>`_ of "
 "the input iterables."
 msgstr ""
+"輸入可疊代物的 `笛卡爾乘積 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
+"Cartesian_product>`_"
 
 #: ../../library/itertools.rst:592
 msgid ""
@@ -1601,10 +1605,14 @@ msgid ""
 "`tee` calls to share the same underlying data chain and to have a single "
 "update step rather than a chain of calls."
 msgstr ""
+"當輸入的 *iterable* 已經是一個 tee 疊代物件時，回傳的 tuple（元組）中所有成員"
+"都會被建立，就如同它們是由上游的 :func:`tee` 呼叫所產生的一樣。這個「展平步"
+"驟 (flattening step)」讓巢狀的 :func:`tee` 呼叫能共享相同的底層資料鏈，並以單"
+"一的更新步驟取代一連串的呼叫。"
 
 #: ../../library/itertools.rst:734
 msgid "The flattening property makes tee iterators efficiently peekable:"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "展平特性讓 tee 疊代器具備高效的預覽能力："
 
 #: ../../library/itertools.rst:736
 msgid ""
@@ -1613,6 +1621,10 @@ msgid ""
 "     [forked_iterator] = tee(tee_iterator, 1)\n"
 "     return next(forked_iterator)"
 msgstr ""
+"def lookahead(tee_iterator):\n"
+"     \"回傳下一個值，但不推進輸入\"\n"
+"     [forked_iterator] = tee(tee_iterator, 1)\n"
+"     return next(forked_iterator)"
 
 #: ../../library/itertools.rst:743
 msgid ""
@@ -1969,6 +1981,171 @@ msgid ""
 "        while True:\n"
 "            yield function()"
 msgstr ""
+"from collections import Counter, deque\n"
+"from contextlib import suppress\n"
+"from functools import reduce\n"
+"from math import comb, prod, sumprod, isqrt\n"
+"from operator import itemgetter, getitem, mul, neg\n"
+"\n"
+"def take(n, iterable):\n"
+"    \"回傳可疊代物件的前 n 個元素為串列。\"\n"
+"    return list(islice(iterable, n))\n"
+"\n"
+"def prepend(value, iterable):\n"
+"    \"在可疊代物件前插入單一值。\"\n"
+"    # prepend(1, [2, 3, 4]) → 1 2 3 4\n"
+"    return chain([value], iterable)\n"
+"\n"
+"def tabulate(function, start=0):\n"
+"    \"回傳 function(0), function(1), ...\"\n"
+"    return map(function, count(start))\n"
+"\n"
+"def repeatfunc(function, times=None, *args):\n"
+"    \"重複呼叫一個帶指定引數的函式。\"\n"
+"    if times is None:\n"
+"        return starmap(function, repeat(args))\n"
+"    return starmap(function, repeat(args, times))\n"
+"\n"
+"def flatten(list_of_lists):\n"
+"    \"將巢狀結構攤平一層。\"\n"
+"    return chain.from_iterable(list_of_lists)\n"
+"\n"
+"def ncycles(iterable, n):\n"
+"    \"回傳序列的元素重複 n 次。\"\n"
+"    return chain.from_iterable(repeat(tuple(iterable), n))\n"
+"\n"
+"def loops(n):\n"
+"    \"執行 n 次的迴圈。類似 range(n) 但不建立整數序列。\"\n"
+"    # for _ in loops(100): ...\n"
+"    return repeat(None, n)\n"
+"\n"
+"def tail(n, iterable):\n"
+"    \"回傳一個疊代器，疊代最後 n 個元素。\"\n"
+"    # tail(3, 'ABCDEFG') → E F G\n"
+"    return iter(deque(iterable, maxlen=n))\n"
+"\n"
+"def consume(iterator, n=None):\n"
+"    \"將疊代器往前推進 n 步。如果 n 為 None，則完全消耗。\"\n"
+"    # 使用以 C 語言的速度消耗疊代器的函式。\n"
+"    if n is None:\n"
+"        deque(iterator, maxlen=0)\n"
+"    else:\n"
+"        next(islice(iterator, n, n), None)\n"
+"\n"
+"def nth(iterable, n, default=None):\n"
+"    \"回傳第 n 個元素或預設值。\"\n"
+"    return next(islice(iterable, n, None), default)\n"
+"\n"
+"def quantify(iterable, predicate=bool):\n"
+"    \"給定一個回傳 True 或 False 的判斷函式，計算為 True 的結果。\"\n"
+"    return sum(map(predicate, iterable))\n"
+"\n"
+"def first_true(iterable, default=False, predicate=None):\n"
+"    \"回傳第一個為 true 的值，若無則回傳*預設值*。\"\n"
+"    # first_true([a,b,c], x) → a or b or c or x\n"
+"    # first_true([a,b], x, f) → a if f(a) else b if f(b) else x\n"
+"    return next(filter(predicate, iterable), default)\n"
+"\n"
+"def all_equal(iterable, key=None):\n"
+"    \"回傳 True，如果所有元素兩兩相等。\"\n"
+"    # all_equal('4٤௪౪໔', key=int) → True\n"
+"    return len(take(2, groupby(iterable, key))) <= 1\n"
+"\n"
+"def unique_justseen(iterable, key=None):\n"
+"    \"產生唯一的元素，並保留原始順序。只記住剛看見的元素。\"\n"
+"    # unique_justseen('AAAABBBCCDAABBB') → A B C D A B\n"
+"    # unique_justseen('ABBcCAD', str.casefold) → A B c A D\n"
+"    if key is None:\n"
+"        return map(itemgetter(0), groupby(iterable))\n"
+"    return map(next, map(itemgetter(1), groupby(iterable, key)))\n"
+"\n"
+"def unique_everseen(iterable, key=None):\n"
+"    \"產生唯一的元素，並保留原始順序。記住所有曾見過的元素。\"\n"
+"    # unique_everseen('AAAABBBCCDAABBB') → A B C D\n"
+"    # unique_everseen('ABBcCAD', str.casefold) → A B c D\n"
+"    seen = set()\n"
+"    if key is None:\n"
+"        for element in filterfalse(seen.__contains__, iterable):\n"
+"            seen.add(element)\n"
+"            yield element\n"
+"    else:\n"
+"        for element in iterable:\n"
+"            k = key(element)\n"
+"            if k not in seen:\n"
+"                seen.add(k)\n"
+"                yield element\n"
+"\n"
+"def unique(iterable, key=None, reverse=False):\n"
+"   \"產生排序後的不重複元素。支援不可雜湊的輸入。\"\n"
+"   # unique([[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2]]) → [1, 2] [3, 4]\n"
+"   sequenced = sorted(iterable, key=key, reverse=reverse)\n"
+"   return unique_justseen(sequenced, key=key)\n"
+"\n"
+"def sliding_window(iterable, n):\n"
+"    \"將資料收集成重疊的固定長度區段或區塊。\"\n"
+"    # sliding_window('ABCDEFG', 4) → ABCD BCDE CDEF DEFG\n"
+"    iterator = iter(iterable)\n"
+"    window = deque(islice(iterator, n - 1), maxlen=n)\n"
+"    for x in iterator:\n"
+"        window.append(x)\n"
+"        yield tuple(window)\n"
+"\n"
+"def grouper(iterable, n, *, incomplete='fill', fillvalue=None):\n"
+"    \"將資料收集成不重疊的固定長度區段或區塊。\"\n"
+"    # grouper('ABCDEFG', 3, fillvalue='x') → ABC DEF Gxx\n"
+"    # grouper('ABCDEFG', 3, incomplete='strict') → ABC DEF ValueError\n"
+"    # grouper('ABCDEFG', 3, incomplete='ignore') → ABC DEF\n"
+"    iterators = [iter(iterable)] * n\n"
+"    match incomplete:\n"
+"        case 'fill':\n"
+"            return zip_longest(*iterators, fillvalue=fillvalue)\n"
+"        case 'strict':\n"
+"            return zip(*iterators, strict=True)\n"
+"        case 'ignore':\n"
+"            return zip(*iterators)\n"
+"        case _:\n"
+"            raise ValueError('Expected fill, strict, or ignore')\n"
+"\n"
+"def roundrobin(*iterables):\n"
+"    \"以循環方式依序輸入可疊代物件，直到全部耗盡。\"\n"
+"    # roundrobin('ABC', 'D', 'EF') → A D E B F C\n"
+"    # 演算法出自 George Sakkis\n"
+"    iterators = map(iter, iterables)\n"
+"    for num_active in range(len(iterables), 0, -1):\n"
+"        iterators = cycle(islice(iterators, num_active))\n"
+"        yield from map(next, iterators)\n"
+"\n"
+"def subslices(seq):\n"
+"    \"回傳序列的所有連續非空子切片。\"\n"
+"    # subslices('ABCD') → A AB ABC ABCD B BC BCD C CD D\n"
+"    slices = starmap(slice, combinations(range(len(seq) + 1), 2))\n"
+"    return map(getitem, repeat(seq), slices)\n"
+"\n"
+"def iter_index(iterable, value, start=0, stop=None):\n"
+"    \"回傳在序列或可疊代物件中某值出現的索引位置。\"\n"
+"    # iter_index('AABCADEAF', 'A') → 0 1 4 7\n"
+"    seq_index = getattr(iterable, 'index', None)\n"
+"    if seq_index is None:\n"
+"        iterator = islice(iterable, start, stop)\n"
+"        for i, element in enumerate(iterator, start):\n"
+"            if element is value or element == value:\n"
+"                yield i\n"
+"    else:\n"
+"        stop = len(iterable) if stop is None else stop\n"
+"        i = start\n"
+"        with suppress(ValueError):\n"
+"            while True:\n"
+"                yield (i := seq_index(value, i, stop))\n"
+"                i += 1\n"
+"\n"
+"def iter_except(function, exception, first=None):\n"
+"    \"將一個 call-until-exception 轉換為疊代器介面。\"\n"
+"    # iter_except(d.popitem, KeyError) → 非阻塞的字典疊代器\n"
+"    with suppress(exception):\n"
+"        if first is not None:\n"
+"            yield first()\n"
+"        while True:\n"
+"            yield function()"
 
 #: ../../library/itertools.rst:1008
 msgid "The following recipes have a more mathematical flavor:"
@@ -2100,3 +2277,125 @@ msgid ""
 "        n -= n // prime\n"
 "    return n"
 msgstr ""
+"def multinomial(*counts):\n"
+"    \"多重集合的不同排列數。\"\n"
+"    # Counter('abracadabra').values() → 5 2 2 1 1\n"
+"    # multinomial(5, 2, 2, 1, 1) → 83160\n"
+"    return prod(map(comb, accumulate(counts), counts))\n"
+"\n"
+"def powerset(iterable):\n"
+"    \"來自可疊代物件的子序列，從最短到最長。\"\n"
+"    # powerset([1,2,3]) → () (1,) (2,) (3,) (1,2) (1,3) (2,3) (1,2,3)\n"
+"    s = list(iterable)\n"
+"    return chain.from_iterable(combinations(s, r) for r in range(len(s)+1))\n"
+"\n"
+"def sum_of_squares(iterable):\n"
+"    \"將輸入值的平方加總。\"\n"
+"    # sum_of_squares([10, 20, 30]) → 1400\n"
+"    return sumprod(*tee(iterable))\n"
+"\n"
+"def reshape(matrix, columns):\n"
+"    \"將 2 維矩陣重新塑形為指定的行數。\"\n"
+"    # reshape([(0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5)], 3) →  (0, 1, 2), (3, 4, 5)\n"
+"    return batched(chain.from_iterable(matrix), columns, strict=True)\n"
+"\n"
+"def transpose(matrix):\n"
+"    \"交換 2 維矩陣的列和行。\"\n"
+"    # transpose([(1, 2, 3), (11, 22, 33)]) → (1, 11) (2, 22) (3, 33)\n"
+"    return zip(*matrix, strict=True)\n"
+"\n"
+"def matmul(m1, m2):\n"
+"    \"矩陣相乘。\"\n"
+"    # matmul([(7, 5), (3, 5)], [(2, 5), (7, 9)]) → (49, 80), (41, 60)\n"
+"    n = len(m2[0])\n"
+"    return batched(starmap(sumprod, product(m1, transpose(m2))), n)\n"
+"\n"
+"def convolve(signal, kernel):\n"
+"    \"\"\"兩個可疊代物件的離散線性捲積。\n"
+"    等同於多項式相乘。\n"
+"\n"
+"    在數學上捲積是可交換的；但輸入的處理方式不同。\n"
+"    訊號以惰性方式被讀取，且可以是無限；核心會在計算開始前被全部讀取。\n"
+"\n"
+"    文章：https://betterexplained.com/articles/intuitive-convolution/\n"
+"    影片：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuXjwB4LzSA\n"
+"    \"\"\"\n"
+"    # convolve([1, -1, -20], [1, -3]) → 1 -4 -17 60\n"
+"    # convolve(data, [0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25]) → 移動平均（模糊）\n"
+"    # convolve(data, [1/2, 0, -1/2]) → 一階導數估計\n"
+"    # convolve(data, [1, -2, 1]) → 二階導數估計\n"
+"    kernel = tuple(kernel)[::-1]\n"
+"    n = len(kernel)\n"
+"    padded_signal = chain(repeat(0, n-1), signal, repeat(0, n-1))\n"
+"    windowed_signal = sliding_window(padded_signal, n)\n"
+"    return map(sumprod, repeat(kernel), windowed_signal)\n"
+"\n"
+"def polynomial_from_roots(roots):\n"
+"    \"\"\"由多項式的根計算其係數。\n"
+"\n"
+"       (x - 5) (x + 4) (x - 3)  展開為:   x³ -4x² -17x + 60\n"
+"    \"\"\"\n"
+"    # polynomial_from_roots([5, -4, 3]) → [1, -4, -17, 60]\n"
+"    factors = zip(repeat(1), map(neg, roots))\n"
+"    return list(reduce(convolve, factors, [1]))\n"
+"\n"
+"def polynomial_eval(coefficients, x):\n"
+"    \"\"\"在指定值計算多項式的值。\n"
+"\n"
+"    此方法在數值穩定性上比 Horner 方法更好。\n"
+"    \"\"\"\n"
+"    # 計算 x³ -4x² -17x + 60 在 x = 5\n"
+"    # polynomial_eval([1, -4, -17, 60], x=5) → 0\n"
+"    n = len(coefficients)\n"
+"    if not n:\n"
+"        return type(x)(0)\n"
+"    powers = map(pow, repeat(x), reversed(range(n)))\n"
+"    return sumprod(coefficients, powers)\n"
+"\n"
+"def polynomial_derivative(coefficients):\n"
+"    \"\"\"計算多項式的一階導數。\n"
+"\n"
+"       f(x)  =  x³ -4x² -17x + 60\n"
+"       f'(x) = 3x² -8x  -17\n"
+"    \"\"\"\n"
+"    # polynomial_derivative([1, -4, -17, 60]) → [3, -8, -17]\n"
+"    n = len(coefficients)\n"
+"    powers = reversed(range(1, n))\n"
+"    return list(map(mul, coefficients, powers))\n"
+"\n"
+"def sieve(n):\n"
+"    \"小於 n 的質數。\"\n"
+"    # sieve(30) → 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29\n"
+"    if n > 2:\n"
+"        yield 2\n"
+"    data = bytearray((0, 1)) * (n // 2)\n"
+"    for p in iter_index(data, 1, start=3, stop=isqrt(n) + 1):\n"
+"        data[p*p : n : p+p] = bytes(len(range(p*p, n, p+p)))\n"
+"    yield from iter_index(data, 1, start=3)\n"
+"\n"
+"def factor(n):\n"
+"    \"n 的質因數。\"\n"
+"    # factor(99) → 3 3 11\n"
+"    # factor(1_000_000_000_000_007) → 47 59 360620266859\n"
+"    # factor(1_000_000_000_000_403) → 1000000000000403\n"
+"    for prime in sieve(isqrt(n) + 1):\n"
+"        while not n % prime:\n"
+"            yield prime\n"
+"            n //= prime\n"
+"            if n == 1:\n"
+"                return\n"
+"    if n > 1:\n"
+"        yield n\n"
+"\n"
+"def is_prime(n):\n"
+"    \"回傳 True，若 n 為質數。\"\n"
+"    # is_prime(1_000_000_000_000_403) → True\n"
+"    return n > 1 and next(factor(n)) == n\n"
+"\n"
+"def totient(n):\n"
+"    \"計算不大於 n 且與 n 互質的自然數個數。\"\n"
+"    # https://mathworld.wolfram.com/TotientFunction.html\n"
+"    # totient(12) → 4 因爲 len([1, 5, 7, 11]) == 4\n"
+"    for prime in set(factor(n)):\n"
+"        n -= n // prime\n"
+"    return n"